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TO ALL 'WI-IOM IT MAY GONCERN:

Be it known that I, LEWIS C. ENGLAND, of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsyl- Vania, have invented a new and improved Tannery,. for tanning hides, skins, ctc., etc.; and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same,

reference being had to the accompanyinggclrawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in which- Plate 1, Figure 1, is a top View of my tannery, showing the arrangement of vats. f Plate 2, Figure 2, is a vertical section with the front end removed.

Plate 2, Figure 3 is a vertical section throughA B.

Plate 2, Figure 4, is a section showing the arrangement of the perforated tubes in the bottom of vats. Plate 2, Figure 5, is a side and, edge View ofthe hanging-bar.

The object of my invention consists inthe arrangement of a .tannery, so provided with tubes, bars, trunks,

rats, etc., etc., as hereinafter described, that I am enabled to make a better quality' of leather in much less time, and at a great saving of expense and labor. In the present style of tanning and runningthe liquors the stock during the .process requireslnore or less labor of handling, by movingit from one vat to another, or raising the stock out of the vats at intervals of two or three weeks to give it fresh and stronger liquor and new bark, whereas by my process this is all overcome; When the stock is once secured to thehauging-bars and placed in the tan-vats it remains undisturbed until well tanned.

To enable others skilled in the art to makeand use my invention, I will now proceed to describeits construction and operation.

I construct `my tannery of any number of rats, V Vl V2V3 VIV, (from one to a hundred ormore, as required,) and in the shape as shown in plate 1, fig. 1, and with acapacty for holding one hundred hides, more or less. On top, and bordering on the three outer edges of the vats, I place troughs T, T, and T. Troughs T and are connected atthe front end of the tannery by means of'V pipe or tube C T, connecting T and T,

'and on the inside ofA the vats, running tothe bottom, are supply-tubes S T, with openings regulated by plugs 1 2 3 4'5 supply-tubes S T connecting at the bottom with perforated tubes D T, which run the length and l on the bottom of the vats, as shown in 'plate V2, g. l3. On the opposite end of perforated tube D Tare connected tubes R T, fig. 4, which regulate the diercntdegrees of liquor from. one vat to the other. Tubes R T are provided with openings A B C D E F, and closed by means yof plugs A B', as hereinafter described. On the front end of the tannery are constructed what are called junks, and I will designate them Vas.j.unk No. 1 and junk No. No. 2 is for the purpose of receiving the weak or spent liquor, which passes through hollow beams `H B, said beams beingso constructed as to run through the centre or on the sides of the vats, and being connected with each vat, and receiving the liquor through openings 1 2 3 4 5 6', which are closed by means of plugs. Running through the centre of the tannery, and underneath thc'bottorn of the vvats, is placed a trunk,

T K, for the purpose of carryingof liquors from the bottom of vats to junk No. 1. Trunk T K is connectedwiththe vats by ,means of openings L M N O I S, whichare provided with-long plugs which extend to the top ofthe vat, as shown in fig. 3. Beams H 13, when placed in the cent1-cof thevats, 'serve as supports forhanging- ,bar I B, g. 5, said bar being made of wood or other suitable material, and provided with a lug on the ends rand centrclfor the purpose of allowing a space between the hides, and to prevent sticking together, and insure .a free access of the tanning-liquor.

Operation: The hides arc irst brought from the beam-house and tacked on the hanging-bar IB, and then placed in proper position in the vats, that is, one end resting on' beams H B, and the other on cleats on the partition and sides. of vats. The liquor is now prepared at the lcaches, and is then conveyed and run into trough T, at the front part of the tannery. I now remove plug 6 and close opening F with plug A', and allow the liquor to pass into supply-tube S T, and from thence it passes into ,perforated tube D T, which thus diiuses the strength of the liquor throughout thevat, The liquor then rises to opening D.` I then remove plug B',

and the liquor passes through D into vat V, through perforated tube D T, and so on through all the vats, until i all are filled with the weak or preparatory liquor. I now remove plug in opening 3', andat .the same time leaving plug 6 out, and admit stronger liquor into vat V in the above-described manner, the stronger, liquor being 'the'heaviest, thewcaker liquor rises to the top and flows over into vat Vl; through opening D,and S0 on throughout the tannery until it' arrives at the last vat, where it ows out opening -3 into junkNo. 2, where it is used again, if containing any tannin, or dnawn o' and thrown away. I now continue adding stronger liquor and endeavor to keep the temperature at 70, or about, until the hides in vat V are tanned. The vat V is now full of strong liquor and the hides Vthoroughly tanned, and I now wish to transfer this liquor into V1, and take out the tanned hides and replace them with a groen or fresh pack; also to clean out the vat of any sediment, dirt, etc., that has collected in it during the pro'ccss of tanning. I then proceed to transfer the liquor into vat Vl by 'first closing opening D with plug I3 and insert plug 6, and then extract plug in opening Si', and the liquor then runs into trunk T K, and from thence into junk No. 1. Vat V is now empty. I now remove the tanned hides and replace them with a green or fresh pack, and at the 'samel time clean out Ythe vat. I now remove plug A from opening F, and also remove plug 5. I then start the pump and pump the liquor that is in junk No. 1 out into trough T,'which then passes around the troughs to the opening caused by the removal of plug 5 into vat V1. The tube C T now comes in use. Instead of waiting for the liquor to pass completely around the tannery, a portion ot' it will run across through tube C T, connecting T and T. The strong liquor owing into vat Vl will force the weaker .liquors into vat V2, .and from thence into vat V3, and so on throughout the tanncry until it reaches vat The green hides in vat V, already mentioned, are now receiving the weak liquor from vat V5, which flows through opening F. When vat'V'is filled with liquor I remove plug 6, thus allowing the spent liquor to run into junk No. 2. The strong liquor from the leaches isv now allowed to run into vat Vl, through opening caused by the removal of plug 5, until these hides are thoroughly tanned, as in those that I first commenced operating with in vat V, and this process is continued throughout the tannery, the oldest stock' always receiving the strongest liquor,'and the weaker liquor passing on to green or last hides placed in the vats. i

I construct my tannery entirely of wood, but I reserve the right of using any other suitable material that will accomplish the desired purposes. t l 1 Having thus described my invention, its construction and operation, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is; 'i

1. Hanging'bars I B, with centre and end lugs, constructed and operating iu the manner herein set forth and described.

2. The arrangement of conveying off'the weak or spent liquors from the tan-vats, .either-by a hollow beam., H B, with'openings 1 2 3 4,5 6. placed near the top and-running through the centre, or on the side ofthe vats, or any other arrangement substantially the same to accomplish the desired purpose. v l i 3. Troughs T, T7 and T, supply-tubes S T, perforated distributing-tubes D T, tube R T, junk No. 1 with pump,junklNo.2, and connecting-tube C T, all constructed and combined in the manner and for the purpose above set forth and described.` v I 4. A tannery constructed and arranged in the manner herein described.

' LEWIS C; EINGrIiYAND.

Witnesses:

CHARLES H. Evans, 

